When is the ORM process typically applied?

• A. During planning session prior to the evolution
• B. During execution
• C. After the mission
• D. During roll call

Answer: (A)

ORM is a decision-making process used to identify hazards and implement risk controls in operations. It is typically applied during planning sessions before the evolution begins, so hazards can be identified and mitigations built into the plan from the start. This proactive use lets the team assign responsibilities, allocate resources, and integrate safety measures before action starts. While ORM should be revisited during execution if new hazards arise and after the mission to capture lessons learned, starting in planning ensures risks are addressed up front. Roll call isn’t the right time for a formal risk assessment, as it’s mainly a coordination check rather than a deliberate risk-management step.